Persistent increase in blood pressure is observed at about the adult population on the planet. At the risk group arterial hypertension is over 40, especially men. Representatives of the opposite sex also suffer from the disease, but are less frequent and usually at older age. In women, arterial hypertension usually occurs after 50 years, during menopause. This is due to hormone imbalance in the body due to the cessation of sex hormone production with the ovaries.
Fortunately, modern medicine has extensive weapons from cardiotropic medicines that allow you to control blood pressure in patients, thus preventing the development of cardiovascular disasters, improving the quality of life and prognosis of the patient. At the same time, an important role in the effectiveness of treatment is played by the patient's lifestyle, in all cases of illness, is recommended for the rejection of bad habits, weight loss, moderate physical activity, restrictions on the use of salt tables.
What is arterial hypertension
This is a continuous increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressure above 130 and 80 mm Hg. It can be independent (important hypertension) and continues the skeleton of other diseases.
Hundreds of vascular traces of continuous tension changes and loss of their function, this affects the overall work of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, it is important, with an increase in blood pressure over 130/80 mm HGH Contact a doctor or cardiologist to examine and choose medications to control blood pressure regularly.
Depending on the pressure indication, 3 degrees arterial hypertension is distinguished. The first is characterized by increased systolic pressure to 160 mm Hg. Art, diastolic - up to 100 mm Hg. Art. The second is characterized by indicators up to 180 and 110 mm Hg. Art. , For the third - more than 180 and more than 110 mm Hg. Art. each. During diagnosis, only one indicator is sufficient for doctors to diagnose arterial hypertension and establish his degree.
Reason
The list of comprehensive factors that trigger the disease does not exist, but scientists have successfully established the direct dependence of arterial hypertension in several diseases, conditions and habits that include:
- descent tendency;
- prolonged pressure;
- excess weight;
- diabetes and other endocrine disorders in history;
- kidney disease, adrenal glands;
- Age -related changes in the blood circulatory system;
- too much salt use;
- the use of hormone contraception;
- misuse of alcoholic beverages, smoking;
- Uncontrolled use of vasoconstrictive nasal drops, coffee abuse.
- lack of physical activity;
- Old age.
Symptom
Patients may not experience any symptoms of arterial hypertension, with long syndrome, due to adaptation of blood vessels to high arterial pressure numbers. Signs of disease characteristics, headaches, non -systemic dizziness can be distinguished. "Flies" in the eyes, tides, rapid heart attacks, nasal bleeding, and ear noises can also be observed.
The signs listed above can be more clear, it depends on the individual characteristics of the human body. However, regardless of their level of manifestation, it is necessary in any case to seek medical help to normalize blood pressure, careful examination and prescription therapy.
If the pathology is not accompanied by any symptoms, this does not mean that it is harmless and does not affect the vascular wall condition. To detect symptom -free hypertension in people from risk groups, it is recommended to control stress regularly using a tonometer.
With increased blood pressure over 140 to 90 mm Hg. Art. , As well as in the presence of clinical symptoms in the form of headaches, shortness of breath, heart aches, nasal bleeding should be caused by ambulances. Hypertonic crisis as a complication, a condition that requires emergency medical treatment. In this case, the country was able to acquire a life -threatening character and lead to severe complications and even the death of the patient.
Diagnostics
When suspicious symptoms appear, first of all, it is important to visit a therapist or a cardiologist. In the initial appointment, the doctor carefully examines the patient, measures blood pressure, and collects anamnesis.
Experts explain the information needed to determine the examination and treatment tactics. It includes chronic chronic diseases, taking medications, bad habits, hereditary diseases in cardiovascular disease, and physical activity of the patient.
Then the doctor prescribes the laboratory and instrumental study. Clinical protocols are recommended to direct patients to general clinical trials of blood and urine, determining glucose levels, electrolytes (potassium, magnesium, sodium), lipid profile indicators, creatinine, urea, uric acid, TSH hormones, T3 and T4 free to evaluate gland functionthyroid.
It is important to perform electrocardiography, echocardiography, daily blood pressure monitoring (MAMD). Send the patient to a doctor of an eye specialist to examine a bleeding vessel. The presence of retinal angiopathy is one of the most important diagnostic criteria for hypertension.
The treatment of arterial hypertension
The direction of therapy depends on the level of arterial hypertension, national severity, pathological causes and other factors. First of all, it is important to change your lifestyle: to leave bad habits, connect regular exercises or walk in fresh air, and leave a large amount of salt. But in most cases, patients need regular use of medication, monitoring of daily blood pressure.
In some cases, surgical intervention is required (for example, removal of neoplasms in the adrenal gland). If the pathological process is secondary (as a result of the disease), the treatment should be aimed at eliminating the main disease.
Recommended medication
Therapeutic schemes are developed for each patient individually. As a rule, the following methods are used for therapy:
- Ace inhibitor. Such drugs reduce stress by reducing the amount of peripheral vascular resistance. Is the first drug and is released according to the doctor's prescription.
- Angiotensin II receptor antagonists have the same mechanism of action, prescribed for an intolerance to ACE inhibitors or in the presence of contraindications to them.
- Beta-blockers. They work because they block the β1-adrenergic receptor located in the heart. This leads to changes in liver conservation, decrease in frequency and strength of heart contraction, decreased pressure. Priority in patients with equivalent heart rhythm disorders.
- Calcium antagonists. Their main property is the ability to reverse the movement of calcium into the cell structure. This class drug is released according to the doctor's prescription.
- Sedative. It is shown in cases where arterial hypertension causes stress. Safe remedies on plants include novopassit, motherwort, valerian extract in tablet form.
- Some vitamin-mineral complexes and additives can be useful.
There are contraindications. Expert consultation is required.
All medications, doses and duration of administration should be determined by the attending physician. Most medications released in pharmacies simply follow the recipe, as with uncontrolled use can lead to adverse reactions to death.
Prevention
Clinical recommendations for the prevention of arterial hypertension are related to the elimination of all existing factors that can cause the development of pathological processes. First and foremost, it is recommended to minimize stressful situations, abandon bad habits, monitor body mass, limit salted, sharp, spicy products, regularly monitor stress indicators, especially if there is a risk of hypertension -related development.
If important hypertension has been diagnosed, the patient is prescribed antihypertensive medication for regular intake, followed by blood pressure control. Target blood pressure target according to current clinical protocol<130/80 mm hg